Birth chart of Hamish McColl

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The Big Three of Hamish McColl :

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Hamish McColl has Sun in Aquarius

The Sun in the sign of Aquarius indicates an independent, innovative, and humanitarian personality. This position emphasizes individual freedom, originality, and team spirit. Individuals with their Sun in Aquarius are often very progressive and have a worldview centered on equality, justice, and collective well-being. They are often visionary, idealistic, and ready to defend causes that are dear to them. Creativity, intelligence, and a desire to contribute to society are also important characteristics for those who have the Sun in Aquarius.

• Celebrities with Sun in Aquarius : Caitlin Clark,   Ronaldo, Cristiano,   Marley, Bob,   Isla Fisher,   Elizabeth Holmes,   Jordan, Michael,   Lincoln, Abraham,   Kim Soo-hyun,   Epstein, Jeffrey,   Prince Andrew, Duke of York,  

Sun in Conjunction with : Venus      97.43% (neutral/powerful)
This aspect indicates a strong influence of love and beauty in the person's personality and self-expression. They are naturally attractive and charming, capable of creating harmonious and balanced relationships. The individual has great artistic creativity and deep emotional sensitivity that manifest in their relationships. They seek harmony and balance in all spheres of their life and value aesthetic qualities and the pleasures of life.
Sun in Conjunction with : Saturn      48.26% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates tension between self-expression and personal discipline. There may be feelings of insecurity or restriction towards personal fulfillment. However, this can also lead to a deep sense of responsibility and integrity, as well as a strong determination to achieve one's goals. It is important to find a balance between authentic self-expression and external world responsibilities. Perseverance and patience are necessary to overcome challenges and achieve lasting recognition and stability.
Sun in Conjunction with : Jupiter      12.69% (neutral/light)
This aspect indicates great self-confidence and an optimistic attitude towards life. It expresses a warm, generous, and expansive temperament, with a passion for exploring different horizons of life. The person has a great ability to gather others around them and create fulfilling collective events. However, there may be a tendency towards excess and indulgence, as well as a lack of realism in pursuing their goals.
Sun in Square with : Neptune      11.27% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates a tendency towards confusion and illusion in self-expression. The person may struggle to assert themselves clearly and to see the reality of their own goals and ambitions. Their identity may be influenced by unrealistic ideals or illusory dreams. They may also be drawn to spiritual beliefs or mystical practices, but need to be cautious not to fall into disappointment or escape from reality. Working to distinguish between ideals and reality is essential for balancing this energy.
Sun in Square with : Moon      8.55% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates internal conflicts between self-expression and emotions. There may be difficulties in finding a balance between personal needs and emotional security. These tensions can manifest as mood swings, difficulty asserting oneself, or expressing emotions in a consistent manner. The individual may also feel dissatisfaction with their identity or their place in the world, which can generate frustrations and challenges in relationships with others.

• Article : The Sun : Identity, Ego, and the Father
• Article : Aquarius: Originality, Freedom, and Humanism

Hamish McColl has Moon in Scorpio

In the sign of Scorpio, the Moon gives the individual a deep and intense emotional nature. They are very introspective and have an innate ability to delve into the depths of their being. The Moon in Scorpio can also offer a strong survival instinct and great psychological insight. The individual is very passionate and can be prone to powerful emotions, which can sometimes lead to extreme behaviors. The Moon in Scorpio can also indicate great determination and unwavering will, as well as an interest in mysteries and the occult.

• Celebrities with Moon in Scorpio : Dan Schneider,   Ella Purnell,   Marley, Bob,   Ruby Franke,   Max Holloway,   Kim Mulkey,   Xabi Alonso,   Lopez, Jennifer,   Eliot Sumner,   Martin, Steve,  

Moon in Square with : Saturn      94.78% (dissonant/powerful)
This aspect indicates challenges in how a person manages their emotions and personal discipline. There may be a constant feeling of frustration or control, with a tendency to repress or suppress emotions. The person may also struggle with emotional expression or finding a balance between their inner needs and external responsibilities. It is important for the person to find a way to integrate their emotions into everyday life and develop a more flexible and compassionate approach towards themselves and others.
Moon in Sextile with : Uranus      45.84% (harmonious/average)
Moon sextile Uranus indicates harmony between the emotional energy of the Moon and the uniqueness of Uranus. It suggests an ability to tap into their imagination and intuition to innovate and bring about positive changes. This combination promotes free and creative expression of emotions and encourages an innovative approach in family relationships and emotional security. Individuals with this aspect are often open-minded, receptive to new ideas, and willing to think outside the box to create original emotional connections.
Moon in Square with : Sun      8.55% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates a potential conflict between self-expression and inner emotions. Moon square Sun suggests difficulties in reconciling emotional nature with the need to assert one's identity and shine. There may be a struggle between the need for emotional security and the desire for recognition and success. The person may be torn between following their emotions and asserting their ego. Compromises will be necessary to balance these contradictory energies and find a path that reconciles self-expression with sensitivity.
Moon in Square with : Venus      4.27% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates an inner conflict between emotional sensitivity and the way love and harmony are expressed. There may be difficulties in finding a balance between expressing feelings and attachment to the pleasures of life. Emotional desires may conflict with needs and expectations in romantic relationships. There may be a tendency to oscillate between emotional impulses and the search for emotional security, which can create tensions and mood fluctuations.

• Article : The Moon : Imagination, Optimism, the Mother and the Childhood
• Article : Scorpio: Secrets, Transformation, and Power

Hamish McColl has Mercury in Aquarius

In the sign of Aquarius, Mercury bestows innovative, original, and forward-thinking thought traits on the individual. Communication is marked by a rational and intellectual approach, fostering intellectual exchanges and the expression of progressive ideas. Curiosity is stimulated by unconventional subjects and an ability to see things from a unique perspective. Learning is facilitated by an open mindset and adaptability to new ideas. Mercury in Aquarius encourages objective and impartial communication, emphasizing the exchange of information for the good of the community.

• Celebrities with Mercury in Aquarius : Caitlin Clark,   Ronaldo, Cristiano,   Marley, Bob,   Adams, Ansel,   Ruby Franke,   Lieberman, Joe,   Eva Mendes,   Kardashian, Robert,   Jordan, Michael,   Fanning, Dakota,  

Mercury in Conjunction with : Jupiter      40.71% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates a harmonious fusion of communication, thinking, and personal expansion qualities represented by Mercury and Jupiter. It suggests a person who possesses a natural ability to transmit ideas with optimism and expansiveness. This aspect also favors rapid learning and deep understanding of subjects far beyond the superficial.
Mercury in Opposition with : Uranus      26.61% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates tension between communication and rational thinking (Mercury) and originality and independent thinking (Uranus). There may be conflicts between the desire to follow established norms and the desire to question these norms. This can result in sudden changes in thinking and communication, as well as difficulties expressing ideas clearly. There may be a tendency to be impulsive in communication and disrupt traditional thought patterns.

• Article : Mercury : Thought, Intellect, and Communication
• Article : Aquarius: Originality, Freedom, and Humanism

Hamish McColl has Venus in Aquarius

Venus in the sign of Aquarius emphasizes friendship and social bonds. Individuals with this position tend to value independence and freedom in their relationships. Their style of love is often based on friendship and intellect, seeking partners who share their ideals and worldview. They are attracted to uniqueness and individuality and may be drawn to eccentric or different people. Aesthetically, they are attracted to the avant-garde and innovation, seeking forms of artistic expression that go beyond traditional norms. Venus in Aquarius can also indicate a detached and rational approach to emotions, often favoring logic over feelings.

• Celebrities with Venus in Aquarius : Caitlin Clark,   Dan Schneider,   Swift, Taylor,   Adams, Ansel,   Chalamet, Timothée,   Ruby Franke,   Abby and Brittany Hensel,   James, LeBron,   Kaya Scodelario,   Lieberman, Joe,  

Venus in Conjunction with : Sun      97.43% (neutral/powerful)
This aspect indicates a strong connection between love, beauty, and a person's identity. The aesthetic and emotional qualities of Venus merge with the fundamental nature and will of the Sun. This can give a charismatic and loving person who expresses their love and creativity authentically. It can also indicate an ability to attract others through charm and inner beauty. However, it is important to watch for potential excess ego or self-love, which can create relational or emotional problems.
Venus in Conjunction with : Saturn      45.69% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates a tendency towards emotional restraint and difficulty expressing love and affection openly. There may be blocks or fears that limit the expression of love and feelings. However, once these obstacles are overcome, there is potential for stable, lasting, and authentic relationships. There may be a strong need for security in relationships and a need to build solid foundations. This aspect can also indicate artistic sensitivity and the ability to create enduring works.
Venus in Square with : Neptune      15.55% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates challenges and tensions between the qualities of love, harmony, and beauty of Venus and the intuitive and spiritual energies of Neptune. It can lead to unrealistic expectations in romantic relationships, romantic illusions or disappointments, as well as difficulties in reconciling the need for independence with the desire for emotional intimacy. It is important for these individuals to learn to develop a more realistic perception of others and their own emotional needs.
Venus in Conjunction with : Jupiter      15.26% (neutral/light)
This aspect indicates a great capacity to love and connect with others in a harmonious and joyful way. The person has a strong sense of relationships and a propensity to feel fulfilled in social interactions. They are generous, optimistic, and have a strong desire to share their love with others. This conjunction can also indicate an appreciation for the pleasures of life and an ease in finding happiness in the little things. The person may be very creative and have a natural talent for art, music, or other forms of artistic expression. They tend to see the best in others and support them in their own growth and fulfillment.
Venus in Square with : Moon      4.27% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates tension between the Moon's emotional needs and the way Venus expresses its desires for love and harmony. There can be difficulties in finding a balance between emotional expression and the search for pleasure and affection in relationships. Mood swings and unrealistic expectations in romantic relationships may also be present.

• Article : Venus : Love, Aesthetics and Harmony
• Article : Aquarius: Originality, Freedom, and Humanism

Hamish McColl has Mars in Capricorn

Mars in the sign of Capricorn gives the individual disciplined energy, perseverance, and determination. These individuals have a practical and organized approach to action and are often motivated by long-term goals. They are efficient, ambitious, and have the ability to work hard to achieve their goals. These individuals also have good conflict management skills and the ability to control their emotions when faced with challenges.

• Celebrities with Mars in Capricorn : Combs, Sean,   Jennifer Pan,   Bell, Drake,   Bynes, Amanda,   Gyllenhaal, Jake,   Marley, Bob,   Chalamet, Timothée,   Abby and Brittany Hensel,   Hathaway, Anne,   Brando, Marlon,  

Mars in Conjunction with : Saturn      36.22% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates a combination of Martian energy and Saturnian discipline. It highlights challenges and frustrations in how a person can channel their energy and act in a structured manner. This can manifest as a tendency towards procrastination or powerlessness, or an overly rigid or restrictive approach in managing challenges. However, when this aspect is well-mastered, it can bring great endurance, a willingness to overcome obstacles, and a capacity for long-term planning.

• Article : Mars : Action, Fight and Determination
• Article : Capricorn: Ambition, Responsibility, and Discipline

Hamish McColl has Jupiter in Aquarius

In the sign of Aquarius, Jupiter represents the quest for independence, the exploration of new ideas, and the tendency to thrive through intellectual friendships. Individuals with this placement may feel drawn to social movements and engage in innovative projects. They have a deep desire to contribute to improving society and are often open-minded and progressive in their approach to relationships and ideas. This influence can lead them to develop enriching friendships and seek broad intellectual horizons for their personal growth.

• Celebrities with Jupiter in Aquarius : Sweeney, Sydney,   Cody Rhodes,   Adams, Ansel,   Roman Reigns,   Joel, Billy,   Elizabeth II,   Eva Mendes,   Einstein, Albert,   Wiig, Kristen,   Queen Victoria,  

Jupiter in Square with : Neptune      43.21% (dissonant/average)
This aspect indicates a challenge in how a person harmonizes personal growth, their relationship with others, and their ability to perceive collective currents. There may be a tendency towards illusion, confusion, or a lack of clarity in realizing spiritual aspirations and in one's relationship with others. This can also manifest as difficulty understanding boundaries, making balanced decisions, and putting ideals into practice. However, with awareness and self-work, this aspect can bring a deep sense of spirituality and compassion.
Jupiter in Conjunction with : Mercury      40.71% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates a harmonious connection between communication and personal growth. Individuals with this conjunction have a great ability to express their ideas eloquently and persuasively. They have a sharp and curious mind, allowing them to learn quickly and absorb new information. They also have a natural ability to gather others around their ideas and inspire them. This conjunction promotes positive and constructive communication, as well as the sharing of beneficial ideas for all.
Jupiter in Conjunction with : Venus      15.26% (neutral/light)
This aspect indicates a harmonious fusion between personal growth and love, beauty, and harmony in relationships. It allows the person to find pleasure and a sense of fulfillment in connecting with others, valuing and encouraging them. This conjunction promotes the creation of balanced and affectionate relationships based on affection, empathy, and shared pleasure. The person may also have a taste for art and creativity, finding a source of joy and expression in these areas.
Jupiter in Conjunction with : Sun      12.69% (neutral/light)
This aspect indicates harmony between personal growth represented by Jupiter and fundamental identity represented by the Sun. The person feels fulfilled and confident when they can bring others together, organize collective events, and share their pleasures with others. Their identity is nourished by their ability to find pleasure in relationships with others and open themselves up to new experiences. They can be generous, optimistic, and have an expanded vision of life, which allows them to go beyond their limits and achieve their ambitions.

• Article : Jupiter : Expansion, Personal Fulfillment, and Group
• Article : Aquarius: Originality, Freedom, and Humanism

Hamish McColl has Saturn in Aquarius

Saturn in the sign of Aquarius is characterized by a rational, independent, and innovative approach. Individuals with this position seek to develop systems and structures that promote equality, freedom, and social progress. They are often attracted to avant-garde ideas and seek to push the boundaries of established society. Their discipline and responsibility manifest in their commitment to the community and their desire to make a positive difference in the world. They are often leaders in movements or causes aimed at creating positive change and building a more equitable and inclusive society.

• Celebrities with Saturn in Aquarius : Oppenheimer, J. Robert,   Mukhtar Ansari,   Bhatt, Alia,   Max Holloway,   Kaya Scodelario,   Presley, Elvis,   Kim Mulkey,   Jordan, Michael,   Cruise, Tom,   Bankman-Fried, Sam,  

Saturn in Square with : Moon      94.78% (dissonant/powerful)
This aspect indicates difficulties in managing emotions and responsibilities in a balanced way. The individual may feel overwhelmed by their family responsibilities, which can lead to mood swings and emotional instability. They may also struggle to express their emotions appropriately, which can create tension in personal relationships. It is important for this person to find a balance between their family obligations and their need to take care of their own emotional needs. Good communication and stress management work can help overcome these challenges.
Saturn in Conjunction with : Sun      48.26% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates a combination of discipline, structure, and organization with vitality, identity, and will. It suggests that the person has a natural ability to handle responsibilities, cope with pressure, and set long-term goals. However, this can also create rigidity or excessive concern for self-image and social recognition. It is important for this person to find a balance between discipline and the expression of their authenticity, avoiding being limited by external expectations or rigid norms.
Saturn in Conjunction with : Venus      45.69% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates an interesting combination of discipline and love. People who have Saturn in conjunction with Venus have a very structured and responsible approach to their romantic relationships. They take their love commitment very seriously and fully invest in building a stable and lasting relationship. However, this aspect can also indicate a tendency to be too rigid and impose high expectations in relationships, which can lead to emotional coldness. It is important for these individuals to learn to balance their need for stability and security with their need to express their love in a more spontaneous and free manner.
Saturn in Conjunction with : Mars      36.22% (neutral/average)
This aspect indicates a complex blend of discipline and energy. There may be a need to channel Mars' energy in a structured and responsible manner, which can create great perseverance and strong determination to achieve long-term goals. However, this can also lead to a tendency to be too rigid or controlling, which can create frustration and conflicts with others. It is important for individuals with this aspect to find a balance between their natural impulsiveness and their need for discipline.

• Article : Saturn : Responsibilities, Structure and Discipline
• Article : Aquarius: Originality, Freedom, and Humanism

Hamish McColl has Uranus in Leo

Uranus in the sign of Leo emphasizes the unique expression of self and individual creativity. Individuals with this position can use their originality and independence to stand out in artistic, theatrical, or entertainment fields. They have a strong desire to be at the center of attention and make a statement. Their rebellion and innovative spirit can manifest through bold creative projects or groundbreaking ideas in their area of expertise. They can also be highly involved in collective causes or social movements, seeking to make a positive difference in the world around them. The expression of their uniqueness can be linked to values of generosity, leadership, and creativity.

• Celebrities with Uranus in Leo : Amar Singh Chamkila,   Simpson, Nicole Brown,   Kim Mulkey,   Jackson, Michael (1958),   Kilmer, Val,   Cruise, Tom,   Prince Andrew, Duke of York,   Obama, Barack,   Calipari, John,   Dahmer, Jeffrey,  

Uranus in Sextile with : Moon      45.84% (harmonious/average)
This aspect indicates harmony between Uranus' originality and independent thinking and the emotional sensitivity of the Moon. Emotions are experienced in a unique and original way, and intuition is developed to grasp deep emotional needs. This combination promotes open-mindedness and the ability to provoke positive and innovative changes in the emotional sphere. The person can express their originality and sensitivity in a creative way, using imagination and intuition to nourish their emotions. This aspect also promotes a harmonious relationship with the mother and a family atmosphere conducive to emotional growth.
Uranus in Opposition with : Mercury      26.61% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates tension between Uranus' originality and independence of mind and Mercury's rational communication and adaptability. There may be difficulties in clearly expressing ideas, frequent misunderstandings, and a tendency for mental scatter. Ideas may be perceived as too radical or revolutionary, leading to conflicts in interactions and resistance to questioning established norms. However, if managed well, this aspect can lead to truly original thinking and unconventional communication.

• Article : Uranus : Originality, Innovation, Disruptions and Collective Battles
• Article : Leo: Creativity, Pride, and Leadership

Hamish McColl has Neptune in Scorpio

Neptune in the sign of Scorpio symbolizes a deep and intuitive perception of occult energies and hidden forces. These individuals have a heightened sensitivity to transformation, healing processes, and the mysteries of life. They are capable of delving into the depths of the human soul and recognizing the underlying motivations and complex dynamics hidden beneath the surface. Their sharp intuition allows them to understand the hidden motivations of others and see beyond masks. They may also be drawn to esoteric practices, psychology, sexuality, and have an innate ability to tap into the collective unconscious.

• Celebrities with Neptune in Scorpio : Combs, Sean,   Amar Singh Chamkila,   Dan Schneider,   Dawn Staley,   Simpson, Nicole Brown,   Ron Goldman,   Tyson, Mike,   Mukhtar Ansari,   Reeves, Keanu,   Kim Mulkey,  

Neptune in Sextile with : Lilith      44.87% (harmonious/average)
This aspect indicates a harmonious fusion between Neptune's deep intuition and Black Moon Lilith's quest for authenticity. It offers a unique ability to perceive collective energetic currents while remaining true to one's absolute aspirations. This configuration promotes a deep connection with spirituality and the ability to navigate with wisdom and clarity in the search for meaning in existence.
Neptune in Square with : Jupiter      43.21% (dissonant/average)
This aspect indicates an inner conflict between personal growth represented by Jupiter and the ability to perceive collective currents and subtle energies represented by Neptune. There may be a tendency toward illusion or excessive indulgence, which can hinder the realization of personal goals and create a lack of clarity in relationships and collective events. Clarity and discipline may be necessary to find a balance between the desire to gather and the intuitive listening of collective currents.
Neptune in Sextile with : Pluto      36.25% (harmonious/average)
This aspect indicates a powerful combination of deep intuition and personal transformation. Neptune sextile Pluto leads to a great sensitivity to collective energies, allowing for a deep understanding of human nature. It also offers the ability to transform and rise above traumatic experiences. This combination promotes mastery of intense emotional currents and a positive use of personal power for the good of all.
Neptune in Square with : Venus      15.55% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates a challenge in how a person expresses and manifests their love and beauty. There may be a form of confusion or illusion in romantic relationships, where feelings and motivations can be difficult to discern. Unrealistic expectations and conflicting desires can also disrupt emotional balance and the ability to appreciate the pleasures of life. Cultivating lucidity and clarity in romantic and artistic relationships is important to balance the energies of Neptune and Venus.
Neptune in Square with : Sun      11.27% (dissonant/light)
This aspect indicates a challenge between how a person perceives and interprets the collective currents and their own identity and self-expression. There may be a tendency towards confusion, illusion, or lack of clarity in decision-making and how one presents themselves to others. The person may have difficulty asserting themselves and fully realizing their potential, often feeling overwhelmed by external influences. Becoming aware of these dynamics and working on self-confidence can help balance this aspect.

• Article : Neptune : Intuition, Contemplation, Popularity and Patience
• Article : Scorpio: Secrets, Transformation, and Power

Hamish McColl has Pluto in Virgo

Pluto in Virgo manifests as a deep connection with details, precision, and order. People with this position seek to analyze and understand things thoroughly, ensuring that every aspect is accounted for. They possess an innate ability to work with great efficiency and manage situations in a methodical manner. They are also inclined to transform their routines and make thoughtful changes. Pluto in Virgo can also reveal occult power related to health and well-being.

• Celebrities with Pluto in Virgo : Combs, Sean,   Amar Singh Chamkila,   Dan Schneider,   Dawn Staley,   Simpson, Nicole Brown,   Johnson, Dwayne,   Ron Goldman,   Tyson, Mike,   Mukhtar Ansari,   Musk, Elon,  

Pluto in Conjunction with : Lilith      94.82% (neutral/powerful)
This aspect indicates a deep connection between instincts and quests for absolute and authenticity. It reveals a search for power and personal transformation in accordance with the individual's deepest ideals. This can lead to intense confrontations and complex power dynamics, but also to the ability to regenerate and transform negative aspects of life. However, it can also result in internal conflicts between the desire for perfection and the reality of everyday life.
Pluto in Sextile with : Neptune      36.25% (harmonious/average)
This aspect indicates a harmonious connection between the energies of Pluto and Neptune, bringing depth and intensity to a person's spirituality and intuition. They are able to channel their instincts and power into creative and contemplative activities, and their intuition is enhanced by their ability to deeply connect with collective currents. This combination gives a subtle understanding of the mysteries of life and the ability to transform situations with wisdom and patience.

• Article : Pluto : Secrets, Instincts, Power Dynamics, and Transformations
• Article : Virgo: Precision, Analysis, and Service

Hamish McColl has Lilith in Virgo

The Black Moon in Virgo represents an ideal of purity, perfection, and service in the fields of health, daily practice, organization, and work. Individuals with this position may have a deep intuition for details and practical processes, as well as a strong demand for perfection in these areas. This can lead them to seek alternative methods or be very strict in their practices. They may also have a particular sensitivity to imbalances and imperfections in their environment.

• Celebrities with Lilith in Virgo : Sweeney, Sydney,   McGregor, Conor,   Kim Mulkey,   Ambedkar, B. R.,   Virat Kohli,   Kardashian, Robert,   Stone, Emma,   Cruise, Tom,   Epstein, Jeffrey,   Wilson, Rebel,  

Lilith in Conjunction with : Pluto      94.82% (neutral/powerful)
This aspect indicates a powerful fusion between the Black Moon's quest for the absolute and Pluto's ability for profound transformation. It suggests an intense exploration of the unconscious, a deep connection with instincts and sexuality, as well as a profound desire to transcend societal norms and limitations. This conjunction can lead to a confrontation with shadows and dark aspects of the self, but also to deep healing and regeneration. However, it is essential to channel this intense energy in a constructive and conscious way to avoid the temptations of manipulation and destruction.
Lilith in Sextile with : Neptune      44.87% (harmonious/average)
This aspect indicates a profound connection between the ideal of absolute and perfection of the Black Moon and the subtle and contemplative intuition of Neptune. It suggests that the individual can channel their authentic and personal search for meaning in alignment with a broader vision of spirituality and collective energies. This alliance between the Black Moon and Neptune can create an inspiring dynamic, where the individual is able to express deep aspirations in a subtle and poetic way and understand collective currents and energies with great sensitivity.

• Article : Lilith (Black Moon) : an inner Absolute, a Quest for Meaning, a Rejection of Middle Grounds
• Article : Virgo: Precision, Analysis, and Service